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Social Security as an “Investment”
The alternative to treating Social Security as insurance is to view it as an investment, or as a gamble on how long one lives. This can be problematic.

Inflation and Your Retirement Plan
Planning for inflation is crucial when designing your retirement plan. While the average annual inflation

What is Risk?
Risk is one of those complicated concepts that you can’t really pin down to one definition, but it’s the single most important factor for investors.

Social Security: The Best Annuity Money Can Buy
A final frame for viewing the Social Security claiming decision is as an annuity purchase.

How Time Horizon and Discount Rate Affect Your Social Security Decision
One way to view the decision to delay Social Security as an “investment” is by using a present value calculation to identify which strategy can provide the most lifetime Social Security benefits and which strategy creates the lowest funding needs for your investment portfolio. This calculation requires deciding on a time horizon and a discount rate.

Fixed Horizons vs. Survival Probabilities in Retirement Planning
How long you are going to live (and spend) is an incredibly important number in

Essential vs. Discretionary Spending: Planning Your Retirement Budget
Not all of your spending is created equal. And it would help if you didn’t

Transitions in Retirement: A Whirlwind of Change
Retirement is sometimes portrayed as a relatively uneventful, static chapter in life. In fact, nothing

What to Do in Retirement: Finding Purpose Beyond the Numbers
There’s a lot of focus on the “numbers” in retirement planning. And there’s a lot

How Useful is Historical Data in Predicting Future Returns?
Effectively all of our understanding of finance and investing is based, at least to some

What is the Role of Bonds in Your Portfolio?
A lot of the time, investors view each of their investments in isolation. They focus